Chemotherapy through a combination of fasting and chronopharmacology.

The present letter is a congruity study of ‘Toxicity in ChemotherapyWhen Less is more’ divulging the idea of integrating fasting or calorie restriction (CR) coinstantaneously with chemotherapy treatment that trotted out fasting as felicitous combination to optimizing efficacy in chemotherapy patients (Laviano and Fanelli, 2012). Not long ago, chemotherapy conspicuously exemplifies the most puissant cancer treatment. However, instead of only razing cancerous cells, the therapy also caused inevitable detrimental effects upon normal cells thus constituting privation searches in the optimity of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a treatment that pursuance anti-cancer drugs in protracting the survival of patients diagnosed with omnifariously metastasized cancer cells that commenced from primary tumor (Safdie et al., 2007). Fasting being worldwide custom adaption in many religions, begets a better response to chemotherapy as these malignant cells become more susceptible in regard to mitochondrial dysfunctional (Warburg, 1930). This mitochondrial dysfunction is elucidated through the presence of smaller and lesser number mitochondria as well as fewer cristae formation than those manifested in normal cells (Maximo and Sobrinho-Simoes, 2000). Substantiated studies conducted from University of Southern California explicated the phenomena of normal cells to be entering a hibernation state during nutrient deprivation while cancer cells synthesize new proteins and generate other steps to persist mitotically alongside adapting a cascade of events that procreate free radicals. The free radicals in retaliation disintegrate the cancer cells’ own DNAs that resulted in cellular suicide (University of Southern California, 2012). Ascribable to mitochondrial dysfunctional, the cancer cells are further incapable of carrying out Kreb cycle corroborating clearly the high demand and dependency on glucose compared to normal cells while suggesting energy merely being harvest through Glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). The expression of multitude insulin receptors (IRs) on cancer cells substantialize hyperactivation of the IGF1R-IR pathway when glucose rich meals provoke insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 production that in return facilitates tomorigenesis and aggravates the outcome in cancer patients. Cancer epidemiological and anthropological studies again revealed glucose restriction diet that depicts fasting, may debilitate the response of cancerous cells towards chemotherapy (Klement and Kämmerer, 2011; LETTER to the EDITOR